Iquique, North of Chile

Wikimedia Commons, by Freddy Alexander Bugueño Tolmo

  

Iquique, one of the most attractive cities in northern Chile, is both a historical and modern seaport. Historical since in its bay in 1879, while the city was still a peruvian port and in the context of the War of the Pacific between Chile, Bolivia and Peru, one of the most heroic events in the history of Chile took place here, the Naval Battle of Iquique.

Modern and of rapid growth in the last decades, thanks to mining, other industrial activities and the existence of the Free Trade Zone known as ZOFRI, the city has also a great patrimonial and historical value, reflected in many details that can be appreciated by walking its streets and surroundings. Currently, the population is a little more than 220,000 inhabitants. In this regard, in recent decades Chile has received large groups of immigrants of Latin American origin, and the north of the country is no exception.

Below is a list of the most popular tourist places in Iquique, also known among the Chileans as "Tierra de Campeones" (Land of Champions), since the city has been the birthplace of many great athletes.

 

Torre del Reloj (Clock Tower)

Image: Vilas Radio 100.1 FM  - Iquique

Perhaps the most emblematic symbol of Iquique, in the middle of the Plaza de Armas (Arturo Prat Square). The structure was built in 1878 and the clock was imported from England. 

Erected by order of the Peruvian Government, (since in those years Iquique was a Peruvian city), it is a National Historic Monument that constitutes one of the most representative urban expressions of the "nitrate era", built in Oregon pine, material impossible to find in a region surrounded by the Atacama Desert. The Chilean-French engineer Eduardo Lapeyrouse, had ordered the design of the tower and the clock to Europe in 1877, Lapeyrouse was later the first Mayor of Iquique when the city became Chilean in 1879. In 1884, it was located in the center of Plaza Prat, where it remains to this day.

Museo Corbeta Esmeralda (Corbeta Esmeralda Ship- Museum)

Image: Tarapaca Insitu Online

One of the must-sees in Iquique, to learn a little of the history of Chile, located on Arturo Prat Avenue with Paseo Almirante Lynch. Inaugurated in 2011, this ship museum is a replica of the Esmeralda corvette belonging to the Chilean Navy, sunk on May 21, 1879, during the War of the Pacific. A surprising realism is achieved because every detail has been considered, to build it, the original plans were requested to England, it was also made an investigation in the sink ship so that the museum was as accurate as possible. The sound of the sea, heard in every corner, makes many believe the ship moves, although in reality it is on land.

Paseo Baquedano (Baquedano Promenade)

Long, traditional pedestrian promenade, bordered by luxurious old mansions, from the time of the golden decades of the Chilean saltpeter, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Since 1977, National Monument of Chile, under the category of Typical Zone, nowadays it is considered one of the most emblematic and historical sectors of the city. Paseo Baquedano is one of the must-see tourist circuits where the buildings seem to have remained in the past, when the train coming from the "Oficinas Salitreras" ran along this route.

Teatro Municipal de Iquique (Municipal Theater)   

The Teatro Municipal is a refined building located in front of the Plaza de Armas, it was built in 1889 and formally inaugurated on January 1, 1890, during the time of the economic splendor generated by the exploitation of saltpeter (1880- 1930), it is almost entirely built in Oregon Pine brought from the United States. Due to its central location is very accessible. The restoration works of the Municipal Theater have already reached a good percentage of completion and the remodeled building is expected to be delivered during 2023.

Museo Regional de Iquique (Regional Museum)

Address: 951 Paseo Baquedano, ground floor. Founded in 1960, under the patronage of the Universidad del Norte, since 1982 run by the Corporacion Municipal de Desarrollo Social de Iquique. The building was built in 1892 and originally its facilities housed the first "Intendencia de Tarapaca" and then the Court of Justice. 

The Museum consists of three areas: anthropological, ethnographic and historical. In the anthropological area we can learn about the regional past since 10.000 years ago such as the communities Chinchorro, Aymara and other cultures that had influence on the current North of Chile, the Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) and the Inca culture. Within the ethnographic area is possible to learn about the way of living of the peoples of the high plateau, such as the Aymaras, from its beginnings to our days. The historical part of the museum shows the history of the "Nitrate era",  from beginning to end.

The "ZOFRI" (Iquique's Free Trade Zone)

Without having had the initial goal of becoming a tourist attraction, the ZOFRI is a must for those who visit the city because it is the largest commercial center in northern Chile and one of the most important in South America, promoting an important commercial exchange with neighboring countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay and Brazil. You should consider at least one day to visit the ZOFRI Mall and facilities.

Beaches of Iquique 

Playa Cavancha meets the conditions to be the most popular beach of the city. Close to the old quarter flanked by the Avenida Costanera Arturo Prat Chacon (Waterfront Avenue), Hotel Gavina on the North and Cavancha roundabout on the South, in addition to being surrounded by a modern residential architecture and a pedestrian promenade.  

Although due to the influence of the Humboldt Current the coasts of Chile are colder than those of the Atlantic, in Cavancha the sea is warm and you can swim all year round. The beach is extensive and there is always some entertainment. The northern sector of the beach, characterized by intense waves, is suitable for water skiing, sailing, surfing, windsurfing and body boarding. 

To the South lies Playa Brava, 4 km. away from the downtown in a very developed area of the city. As its name suggests, this beach is of strong swell and not suitable for bathers, however you can practice sport fishing and several water sports, besides being an ideal place for sunbathing, paragliding, with a series of additional attractions that draw the attention of thousands of visitors daily. Playa Huayquique, beautiful beach situated 5 km. South of Iquique, excellent for surfing and bodyboarding when the wave conditions permit, without the massive attendance of Cavancha what makes it special for sunbathing. Another beach is Playa Blanca, located 13 km. South of Iquique, of white sands and transparent emerald waters, suitable for swimming, sport fishing, diving circuits and the practice of various water sports.

Saltpeter Refineries

46 km. East of Iquique are located the former mining towns of Santa Laura and Humberstone, declared a World Heritage Site. They are like "ghost towns" of what once were true cities called "Oficinas Salitreras", when at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century Chile was the first World producer of saltpeter. It should be noted that during the saltpeter boom, there were more than 200 "Oficinas Salitreras" working in the middle of the desert. This boom lasted until synthetic saltpeter was invented in 1930.

Volcan Isluga National Park

  A little more than 230 km. Northeast of Iquique, bordering Bolivia, lies Parque Nacional Volcan Isluga, at an average altitude of 4,000 mts. above sea level. This protected area, within its 174,744 hectares hosts one of the most impressive concentrations of biodiversity associated to the high Andean ecosystem, with the typical landscape of the precordillera, the high plateau and the little towns nestled in the mountains.

To the East you can see the imposing silhouette of the Isluga Volcano that dominates the area with its 5,500 meters high, which gives the park its name. In addition to the Isluga Volcano, there are also other big mountains such as the Quimsachata (5,400 m.), Tatajachura (5,252 m.) and Latarama (5,207 m.), Geysers and Hot Springs.

Reserva Nacional Pampa del Tamarugal

National Reserve located 70 km. to the interior of Iquique, in the communes of Huara and Pozo Almonte. So called by the presence of the Tamarugo, endemic tree of Chile that inhabits the North of the country, characterized by growing in barren environments, characteristic of the zone. The fauna of the place is scarce and the largest amount of animals that survive the dryness of the terrain are the reptiles, like Lizards, small Snakes as well as other 18 species of protected birds, including the Comesebo of the Tamarugo, Eagles, Owls, the Pequen, Red-headed Buzzards, Culpeo and Chilla Foxes.

The Reserve also houses invaluable samples of cultural heritage. One of them are the Geoglyphs of Cerros Pintados, considered as a place of scientific and archaeological interest, declared in 1969 as a National Monument. The Geoglyphs consist of more than 450 anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and geometric figures, distributed along three kilometers. Its creators, probably members of the Tiwanaku culture, drew them more than 500 years ago. In order to safeguard these valuable vestiges, in the area there is a Museum and Information Center of recent creation. For its part, the CEDAM (Environmental Education Center), located in the area of the administration, free all year round, offers a complete cultural and environmental history of this part of Northern Chile.