Mount Everest loses World record against Ecuador's Chimborazo Volcano

Chimborazo Volcano
Image: pixabay.com

Source: latercera.com
Translated by: Raul Silva M.
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The Ecuadorian massif is the furthest peak from the center of the Earth. According to the information, this change would be due to the difference in the diameter of the planet.

April 7, 2016.- A difference of 1.811 kilometers was the measurement that stole one of the world records to Mount Everest, the mountain located between the Nepal-China border continues to be the highest on Earth taken from sea level. However, the last measurement made by a group of French and Ecuadorian expeditionaries who climbed to the top of the Chimborazo volcano showed that this is the furthest point from the planet's core.

At 6,268 meters above sea level, the dormant volcano in the Ecuadorian part of the Andes Mountains is the highest peak in the country. It was the new measurement, made with a GPS system which was left for two hours on the highest part of the mountain, which determined that the Chimborazo is 6,384,416 kilometers from the center of the Earth, while Mount Everest is at 6,382,605 meters from the nucleus. 

This difference of almost 2 kilometers is due to the shape of the Earth -flattened on the poles- which leaves the countries on the equator further from the center of the planet, while France is in a geographical area that begins to get closer to the Earth's core.

"Because of the experience that we were left, we know that the areas near the equator are further from the center of the Earth, but a value was missing, measuring the greatest distance from the center," explained Jean Mathieu Nocquet, from the French Institute for Development Research (IRD) to the newspaper El País. 

This is why a team made up of French and Ecuadorian experts climbed to the top of the Chimborazo in February of this year and installed a global positioning system (GPS) at the summit which, through a 60-centimeter antenna, connects with 15 satellites from different countries for a more detailed location.

"In order to get accurate data, we left the GPS for two hours and then we processed the information that was stored during that period of time," explained Mathiew Perrault, from the Geophysical Institute (IG) to El País. 

Furthermore, this new measurement determined that the Ecuadorian massif is 40 meters closer to the sun than the Nevado Huascaran (in Peru), which ranks second in the calculation from the center of the Earth. 

Although the Everest continues to maintain its leadership when measuring heights from the planet's surface, the Earth's shape gives almost 2 kilometers of advantage to the countries closer to equator, which left Chimborazo with the new record.
 

Plaza Victoria, Valparaiso

A view of Victoria Square 
Photo: rutaschile.com

Also known as Plaza de la Victoria, it is an emblematic place and of great historic importance for the main Chilean seaport, located in El Almendral neighborhood.  It takes its name in honor of the Chilean triumph in the War against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, just after the victory in the Battle of Yungay in January 1839.  

Located opposite the Plaza Simon Bolívar, between what today are Arturo Edwards, Chacabuco, Molina and Independencia-Condell streets. Along with Plaza Simon Bolivar, both make up an important urban nucleus of the city, with important relevant buildings that surround them and a large influx of people, not in vain a popular song from the 60s already said: "Plaza de la Victoria, is a great social center🎵🎵..."

Environment and Architecture 

 

Photo: El Mercurio Valparaiso

  After Independence, the square received several names such as Plaza O'Higgins, Nueva and Orrego, but in 1841 it was renamed, changing its old name from Plaza Orrego to Plaza de la Victoria, alluding to what had been the recent Chilean military triumph over the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. 

From then on, various urbanization and beautification plans are carried out and the plaza begins to increase in importance for social gatherings as well as for commerce and recreational activity.

Currently, the floor is adorned by sinusoidal shaped tiles. In addition, various statues of artistic and heritage significance are located inside:

The Fuente Francesa, in the center of the square there is a water fountain which was brought from France, flanked by four statues symbolizing the seasons of the year. It was installed by the end of the 1860s or the beginning of 1870. t is a fountain based on the work of the sculptor Mathurin Moreau, its pedestal is adorned by the mythological figures of four classical gods of waters and seas: Neptune, god of freshwater and the sea; Anphitrite, an ancient goddess of the calm sea, wife of Poseidon; Acis, god of the homonymous river close to Etna in Sicily and Galatea, Acis lover and creator of the river, which is sometimes seen as Roda, daughter of the couple of sea kings. At the top, four children holding hands support a smaller plate.

Other interesting ornamental pieces are the two lions located at one of its entrances. These figures would evoke those of the Teatro de la Victoria, collapsed by the 1906 earthquake.

Valparaiso is a historic city with ancient traditions. Its old buildings reflect this past, some of them around this square: 

 Club Naval de Valparaiso 

Photo: clubnaval.cl

1586 Condell St. Naval circle founded in 1885 by a group of officers of the Chilean Navy who felt the need to have a center in which to express their concerns and be custodian of the naval traditions of a victorious Navy at the end of the War of the Pacific. The current Club Naval building is a palace located in front of the Teatro Condell. 

Teatro Condell, 1585 Condell St., a theater and cinema  opened in 1912 next to the gallery that bears his name, with a capacity of 350 spectators. Built by the Italian architect Antonio Lafoglia.

Valparaiso Cathedral, 1774 Chacabuco St. The Gothic-style building was built between 1910 and 1950 on land donated by Juana Ross Edwards. It was restored after the 1971 and 1985 earthquakes.

In the crypt, next to the graves of the diocesan bishops, the heart of the Minister of State, Mr. Diego Portales, is kept in a bronze amphora. Daily, at 7:00 p.m. you can hear the cathedral bells ringing.

Santiago Severin Public Library

Photo: bibliotecaspublicas.gob.cl

 1653 Yungay St., in front of Plaza Simon Bolivar. It was created on February 27, 1873, being the first public library in Chile, after the Biblioteca Nacional. The building, which has a neoclassical and neo-Renaissance style, was inaugurated on October 26, 1919, receiving the name of its benefactor, Santiago Severin. It currently has some 82,000 copies of books, along with approximately 260,000 copies of newspapers and magazines.